Krsna Kirtana Songs est. 2001                                                                                                                                                      www.kksongs.org


Myriads of Tongues; One Name

Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu had predicted that chanting will take place in all towns and villages. Bhaktivinoda Thakura pioneered the idea of spreading Krsna Consciousness to the West. Bhaktivinoda Thakura wrote many essays, books, and songs in Bengali as well as English, in order to preach to the common person of the time. Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura wrote many essays to preach Krsna Consciousness and ordered his disciple, Abhaya-Caranaravinda Dasa, to preach the message of Sri Caitanya to the Western nations. Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura’s disciple, better known as Srila A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, fulfilled this mission in such a way that he not only preached in India and America, but he traveled around the world in non-English speaking countries, yet was able to turn hearts to gold by having people give up sinful activities, surrender to the Lord, and learn how to the love the Lord. Even after the departure of Srila Prabhuapda in 1977, the mission continues to grow all over the world, and the preaching of Krsna Consciousness has become the most successful.

In collecting songs, a strong realization came about the true diversity of Krsna Conscious songs. This article will encompass languages of the world and how the language has been blessed to be of Krsna’s service.

The most common language in devotional songs will be Sanskrit or Bengali. As the Vedas, Puranas, Upanisads, and literature compiled by Srila Vyasadeva are the most ancient scriptures, the language of the scriptures, Sanskrit, will be the oldest. Most of the Puranas and other Vedic literatures will have songs in glorification of the Lord. Even well after the decline in Sanskrit as a spoken language, many scriptures such as scriptures by the six Goswamis of Vrndavana, are in Sanskrit. Srila Jayadeva Goswami’s Gita Govinda, Srila Rupa Goswami’s Stavamala, Srila Raghunatha Das Goswami’s Stavavali, Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura’s Stavamrta Lahari, Jiva Goswami’s Gopala Campu, and Gunaraja Khan’s Krsna Vijaya are many examples of Sanskrit songbooks created after the Vedic period.

The other most popular language found in devotional songs is Bengali. Because the Brahma Gaudiya Vaisnava sampradaya took place in Bengal, as well as the appearance site of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu and His associates, it is not unnatural that a great amount of devotional songs are in the Bengali language. Initially, Bengali had a touch of Sanskrit flavor. However, as time progressed, the pronunciation used in Bengali evolved into a collection unusual ways of pronouncing words. Please visit KKSongs Bengali Pronunciation to understand the difference in pronunciation scheme. After Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu left the world in the 1500s, many of devotees from His movement wrote devotional texts and songbooks in Bengali. The first one was the Caitanya Caritamrta which was written by Srila Krsnadasa Kaviraja. The Caitanya Caritamrta encompasses the earthly pastimes of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu. Songbooks from authors like Narottama Dasa Thakura (Prarthana, Prema Bhakti Candrika) and Bhaktivinoda Thakura (Baul Sangit, Gitamala, Gitavali, Kalyana Kalpataru, Saranagati) consume nearly 35% of songs found on KKSongs. Other Bengali devotees who wrote devotional songs include Vrndavana Das Thakura, Locana Das Thakura, Govinda Das Thakura, and Vasudeva Ghosh. In total, 57% of all devotional songs found on KKSongs (1,013 songs total, up to June 20, 2006) are Bengali devotional songs.

Ranking in second place is Braja Bhasa. The word “Braja Bhasa” translates to “the language of Vraja.” When heard it sounds like very classical or pure Hindi. Many Vrndavana based songs, as well as songs by classical authors like Sura Dasa, Rai Dasa, and Mira Bai, are in Braja Bhasa. Another language right next to Braja Bhasa is Hindi. Hindi is the official and was the most commonly spoken language of India today. Hindi bhajans are creations of this century, as many Hindi bhajans were not written before 1800s. In India, there is a great number of Hindi, but very few are bona fide. Acyutananda Swami created an album entitled “Hindi Bhajans” in 1975 with Braja Bhasa, Hindi, and two Bengali chants included.

There are five bhajans in the language of Oriya. Oriya is the language in the east Indian state of Orissa. Orissa is the home of Jagannatha Puri, where the annual Sri Jagannatha Ratha Yatra takes place. Naturally, most of the Oriya bhajans are glorifying Lord Jagannatha, although there are two bhajans glorifying other aspects of Krsna tattva. Oriya bhajans found on KKSongs are He Jagannatha Na Jana Ki Mohara, Radha Krsna Nama Citamani Ki by Gopala Krsna Dasa, Paramananda He Madhava by Gaura Govinda Swami, Jagabandhu He Gosain and Jagannatha He Kichi Magun Nahin Mun Tote which are both written by famous Jagannatha devotee Salabega.

Still remaining in East India, we touch about two bhajans in a rare language called Maithili. Maithili is the language from Mithila, the kingdom where King Janaka, father of Sita Devi, ruled during Treta Yuga. Today, this region is around the Indian state of Bihar. The two Maithili bhajans are Madhava Bahuta Minati Kari Toya and Tatala Saikate which are both written by Vidyapati. Vidyapati is a poet of the twelfth century who has written a great number of intimate bhajans describing pastimes of Radha and Krsna. As many of those bhajans are not suitable to place on the web, we are fortunate to have four bhajans by Sri Vidyapati which can be read by all.

One Nepali bhajan is available to us glorifying Lord Hari. The song’s first words are Jaya Hari Jaya Hari Jaya Jaya Hari. This song has a nice and simple form in lyrics and meaning. There are hardly many devotional songs in Nepali, as many songs in Nepali are geared towards Buddhism.

We move down to South India where worship of Deities, such as Sri Venkatesvara, Sri Balaji, and Sri Ahovala Nrsimha take place. Krsna Ena Barade Krsna Ena Barade is a bhajan by Purandara Dasa, a great devotee of Sri Venkatesvara. He is also one of the composers and teachers of the Carnatic music system. The bhajan is written in a language called Kannada, from the present-state of Karnataka. Another South Indian bhajan is in Telugu, Jaya Jaya Nrsimha Sarvesa. This is a devotional song written by devotees of Sri Venkatesvara glorifying Lord Nrsimhadeva.

Moving westbound, we hit the western state of Gujarat, where worship of Sri Dvarkadhisa and Sri Nathaji take place. There are not many bona fide Gujarati bhajans, as many bhajans have watered meanings and focus too much of rasa lila and garba. However, there are few bona fide bhajans in Gujarati. The popular bhajan, which was enjoyed by Mohandas Gandhi, is Vaisnava Jana To Tene Kahiye. This devotional song is written by a great devotee, Narasi Mehta. Famous chants include Nanda Ke Ananda Bhayo Jaya Kanhaiya Lal Ki, Hari Nama Ananda Dhuns, and Radhe Radhe Syama Sri Radhe (edited). The last song is edited, because the original words “radhe radhe syam milade” (“O Radhe Radhe! Please introduce me to Syama”) has an improper mood toward Radha. This is why this song is re-sung by devotees worldwide for this reason.

Lastly, the most contemporary bhajan in an old language is Yeh To Prem Ki Bata Hai in Urdu. Urdu is a language which is spoken in Northwest India and Pakistan. It is a mix between Hindi and Persian languages. To use Urdu in Krsna’s service is a beautiful mix, beyond material trifles. Srila Prabhupada’s book “Krsna, The Supreme Personality of Godhead” is also published in Urdu language.

In discussing languages of devotional songs, why should this topic be confined to India? By Lord Caitanya’s will and Srila Prabhupada’s mercy, Krsna Consciousness blossomed throughout the whole world. As a result, devotional songs are sung in languages other than Indian languages. The English language is the home of a great number of devotional songs by George Harrison (My Sweet Lord, Maya Love Maya Love). When George Harrison passed away in 2001, his English devotional songs became so very well known that a concert in memory of George Harrison featured “My Sweet Lord.” The listeners of this song, not knowing the meaning of this song, get benefit by hearing the Hare Krsna mahamantra featured near the end of the song. Srila Prabhupada has written two famous English devotional songs, Adore Adore Ye All The Happy Day Blessed and Virahastakam. The former is a poem he has written to his spiritual master for his Vyasa Puja, while the latter is a poem written for his spiritual master on his disappearance day. Bhaktivinoda Thakura also wrote two English devotional poems, Oh Born of Moslem Parents Haridas! And Alas For Those Who Spend Their Days. Other devotees and artists who contributed English songs are Parivadi Dasa, Boy George, Bhakti Sundara Goswami of the Sri Caitanya Sarasvata Matha, Dravida Dasa, Jake Carrigan, Jaya Laksmi, Ekendra Dasa, and Stevie Wonder, whose Pastime Paradise features mahamantra sung by Agnideva Dasa. Lastly, Visnujana Swami translated Kabe Habe Bolo into When Oh When Will That Day Be Mine.

Spanish has become a prominent language in the devotional world, as Atulananda Acarya and B.A. Paramadvaiti Swami translated many Vaisnava songs into poetic form. Many Spanish speaking devotees which be able relish the meaning of the Vaisnava songs in a new manner. It is not uncommon to hear devotional songs chanted in Spanish in South American temples, with respect to the authors of the original devotional works.

Of course, there may be more languages that are fortunate to have devotional songs rendered in them. Krsna’s name is unlimited, and so are all of the tongues that glorify his name. As the Krsna Consciousness movement spreads and chanting of the holy name increases, more devotional songs will arise and more foreign languages will at least bear one devotional song through them. By Srila Prabhupada’s efforts, it is likely that a Swahili speaking devotee, Bengali speaking devotee, an English speaking devotee, and a Chinese speaking devotee will end up in the same room, and not understand what class a devotee is saying in Russian, but once class is over, and they see the Deities, everyone will offer obeisances, and chant and dance together, as if they were all speaking the same language on the same platform. One face of the world will glorify Prabhupada for Mangala Arati, while the other is glorifying Prabhupada before the onset of Gaura Arati. Such is the beauty of this worldwide institution of Krsna Consciousness.